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REFERENCES

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2. Alvarez W. C. New methods of studying gastric peristalsis. JAMA, 79(16):1281-85, 1922.

3. Alvarez W. C. The electrogastrogram and what it shows. JAMA, 78(15):1116-18, 1922.

4. Alvarez W. C. and Mahoney L. J. Action current in stomach and intestine. Am. J. Physiol., 58(3):477-82, 1922.

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9. Geldof H. Electrogastrography. Clinical applications. Ph.D. Thesis. Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1987.

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11. Smout A. J. P. M., Van der Schee E. J., Grashuis J. L. What is measured in electrogastrography ? Dig. Dis. & Sci., 25:179-88, 1980.

12. Smout, A. J. P. M. Myoelectric activity of the stomach. Gastroelectromyography and electrogastrography. Delft University Press, Delft, The Netherlands, 1980.

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15. Papasova M. P., Nagai T., Prosser C. L. Two component slow waves in smooth muscle of cat stomach. Am. J. Physiol., 214:695-702, 1968.

16. Sarna S. K. Gastrointesinal electrical activity: terminology. Gastroenterology, 68:1631-35, 1975.

17. Abell T. L. and Malagelada J. - R. Electrogastrography. Current assessment and future perspectives. Dig. Dis. Sci., 33:982-92, 1988.

18. Szurszewski J. H. Electrical basis for gastrointestinal motility. In: Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Vol 2., ed. L. R. Johnson, Raven Press, N. Y., 1435-66, 1981.

19. Gabella G. Structure of smooth muscle. In: An Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility. Ed. D. Kumar and S. Gustavsson, J. Wiley & Sons, London, 1988.

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21. Ohba M., Sakomoto Y., Tomita T. Effects of sodium, potassium and calcium ions on slow wave in circular muscle of guinea-pig stomach. J. Physiol. (London) 253: 505-16, 1977.

22. Weber J. and Kohatsu S. Pacemaker localization and electrical conduction patterns in the canine stomach. Gastroenterology, 59: 717-26, 1970.

23. Kelly K. A. and Code C. F. Canine gastric pacemaker. Am. J. Physiol. 220: 112-18, 1971.

24. Daniel E. E. and Sarna S. Generation and conduction of activity in smooth muscle. Ann. R. Pharm., 18: 145 - 66, 1978.

25. Bauer A. J., Publicover N. G., Sanders K. M. Origin and spread of slow waves in canine gastric antral circular muscle. Am. J. Physiol., 234: G800-6,1985.

26. Code C. F. and Marlett J. A. The interdigestive myoelectrical complex of the stomach and small bowel of dogs. J. Physiol., 246: 289-309, 1975.

27. Szurszewski J. H. A migrating electrical complex of the canine small intestine. Am. J. Physiol., 217: 1757-63, 1969.

28. Geldof H., Van der Schee E. J., Grashuis J. L. Electrogastrographic characteristics of the interdigestive migrating complex in man. Am. J. Physiol., 250: G165-G171, 1986.

29. Suckling E. E. Bioelectricity. McGraw Hill Inc., N.Y., 1961.

30. Rosenfalck P. Intra- and extracellular potential fields of active nerve and muscle fibers. A physico-mathemathical analysis of different models. Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen, 1969.

31. Mirrizzi N. and Scafoglieri U. Optimal direction of the electrogastrographic signal in man. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 21:385-89, 1983.

32. Mirrizzi N., Stella R., Scafoglieri U. A model of extracellular waveshape of the gastric electrical activity. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 23:33-37, 1985.

33. Mirrizzi N., Stella R., Scafoglieri U. Model to simulate the gastric electrical control activity on the stomach wall and on abdominal surface. Ibid, 24:157-163, 1986.

34. Sarna S. K., Daniel E. E., Kingma Y. J. Premature control potentials in the dog stomach and in the gastric computer model. Am. J. Physiol., 222:1518-23, 1972.

35. Sarna S. K., Daniel E. E., Kingma Y. J. Effects of partial cuts on gastric electrical control activity and its computer model. Ibid, 223:332-40, 1972.

36. Sarna S. K., Daniel E. E., Kingma Y. J. Simulation of the electrical control activity of the stomach by an array of relaxation oscillators. Amer. J. Dig. Dis., 17:299-310, 1972.

37. Linkens D. A., Khelfa M., Nicklin G. Multioscillator simulator for gastrointestinal electrical activity modelling. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 21: 591-8, 1983.

38. Plonsey R. and Barr R. C. Bioelectricity. A quantitative approach. Plenum Press, N. Y., 1988.

39. Familoni B. O., Kingma Y. J., Bowes K. L. Study of transcutaneous and intraluminal measurement of gastric electrical activity in humans. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 25:397-402, 1987.

40. Hamilton J. W., Bellahsene B. E., Reichelder M., Webster J. G., Bass P. Human electrogastrograms: comparison of surface and mucosal recordings. Dig. Dis. Sci., 31:33-9, 1986.

41. Chen J., Vandewalle J., Sansen W., Van Cutsem E., Vantrappen G., Janssens J. Observation of the propagation direction of human electrogasric activity from cutaneous recordings. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 27:538-42, 1989.

42. Mintchev M. P., Kingma Y. J., Bowes K. L. Accuracy of cutaneous recordings of gastric electrical activity. Gastroenterology, 104:1273-80, 1993.

43. Familoni B. O., Bowes K. L., Kingma Y. J., Cote K. R. Can transcutaneous recordings detect gastric electrical abnormalities ? Gut, 32:141-6, 1991.

44. Barnett R., Ziegler M. R. College Mathematics. Dellen Publ. Company, San Francisco, C., 1984.

45. Chen J. and McCallum R. W. Electrogastrography: measurement, analysis and prospective applications. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 29:339-50, 1991.

46. Jung W. G. IC Op-Amp Cookbook. Howard W. Sams & Co., Indianapollis, IN, 1986.

47. Graeme J. G., Tobey G.E., Huelsman L. P. (Editors). Operational Amplifiers. McGraw Hill, N.Y., 1971.

48. Offner F. Electronics for Biologists. McGraw Hill, N.Y., 1967.

49. Metting Van Rijn A. C., Peper A., Grimbergen C. A. High-quality recording of bioelectric events. Part 1. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 28: 389-97, 1990.

50. Huhta J. G., Webster J.G. 60 Hz interference in electrocardiography. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-20, 91-101, 1973.

51. Metting Van Rijn A. C., Peper A., Grimbergen C. A. High-quality recording of bioelectric events. Part 2. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 29: 433-40, 1991.

52. Lenhart J.M. A Study on Silver-Siver Chloride Electrodes. M.Eng. Thesis, University of Alberta, Department of Electrical Engineering, Edmonton, Canada, 1980.

53. Van Heuningen R., Goovaerts H. G., De Vries F. R. A low noise isolated amplifier system for electrophysiological measurements: basic considerations and design. Ibid, 22:77-85, 1984.

54. Jacobson B., Webster J. G. Medicine and Clinical Engineering. Prentice-Hall Inc., N.J., 1977.

55. Levkov C. Amplification of biosignals by body potential driving. Ibid, 20:248-50, 1982.

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56. Burr-Brown Integrated Circuits Reference Guide. Volumes 1 and 2. 1991-93.

57. Publicover N. G., Sanders K. M. Myogenic regulation of propagation in gastric smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol., 234: G512-20,1985.

58. Bass P. and Wiley J. N. Contractile force transducer for recording muscle activity in unanesthetized animals. J. App. Physiol., 32:567-70, 1972.

59. Kingma Y. J., Van der Schee E. J., Grashuis J. L. Implantable transducer for sensing contractions of the stomach wall and intestine. In: Proc.Int.Conf. on Biomedical Transducers (Biocapt), Paris, Tome 1: 69-74, 1975.

60. Gustavson S. and Tucker R. Manometry. In: An Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility. Ed. D. Kumar and S. Gustavsson, J. Wiley & Sons, London, 1988.

61. Challis R. E. and Kitney R. I. Biomedical signal processing (in four parts). Part 1. Time domain methods.Ibid, 28:509-24, 1990.

62. Challis R. E. and Kitney R. I. Biomedical signal processing (in four parts). Part 2. The frequency transforms and their interrelationships.Ibid, 28:509-24, 1990.

63. Oppenheim A. V. and Schafer R. W. Digital signal processing. Prentice-Hall, N. J., 1975.

64. Stanley W.D., Dougherty G.R., Dougherty R. Digital Signal Processing. Prentice Hall, Reston, VA, 1984.

65. Bracewell R. N. The Hartley transform. Oxford University Press, N. Y., 1986.

66. Bracewell R. N. The fast Hartley transform. Proc. of IEEE, 72:1010-15, 1984.

67. Kingma Y. J., Chambers M. M., Bowes K. L., Bannister C. Interpretation of computer processed electrical signals from the gastro-intestinal tract. In: Proc. of 14th Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sci., Honolulu, Hawaii, 1981.

68. Van der Schee E. J., Smout A. J. P. M., Grashuis J. L. Application of running spectrum analysis to electrogastrographic signals recorded from dog and man. In: Motility of the Digestive Tract, ed. M. Wienbeck, Raven Press, N. Y. 1982.

69. Van der Schee E. J. and Grashuis J. L. Running spectrum analysis as an aid in the representation and interpretation of electrogastrographic signals. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 25:57-62, 1987.

70. Mintchev M. P. and Bowes K. L. Capabilities and limitations of electrogastrograms. In: Electrogastrography. Theory and Applications. Eds. J. Chen and R. W. McCallum, Raven Press (1994).

71. Mintchev M.P., Kingma Y. J., Bowes K. L.. Use of Hartley Transform in the Analysis of Surface Electrogastrographic Signals. In: Proc.of 17-th Canadian Medical & Biological Engineering Society Int.Conference, Banff, Canada, May 1991.

72. Hays W. L. Statistics. CBS College Publ., N.Y., 1981.

73. Brown, B.W., Hollander M. Statistics. A Biomedical Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1977.

74. Kentie M. A., Van der Schee E. J., Grashuis J. L., Smout A. J. P. M. Adaptive filtering of canine electrogastrographic signals. Parts 1 and 2. Med. Biol. Eng. & Comput., 19:759-69, 1981.

75. Chen J., Vandewalle J., Sansen W., Vantrappen G., Janssens J. Adaptive method for cancellation of respiratory artefact in electrogastric measurements. Ibid, 27:57-63, 1989.

76. Widrow B., Glover J.R., McCool J.M., Kaunitz J., Williams C.S., Hearn R.H., Ziedler J.R., Dong E.J., Goodlin R.C. Adaptive noise cancellation: principles and applications. Proc.IEEE, 63:1692-1716.

77. Rude R.G. Adaptive Filtering Applied to Gastric Electrical Activity. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Department of Electrical Engineering, Edmonton, Canada, 1987.

78. Stanghellini, V. and Corinaldesi R. Gastrointestinal motility disorders. Stomach and Duodenum. In: Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility. ed. D. Kumar and S. Gustavsson. John Wiley & Sons, London, 1988.

79. Kelly K. A. Surgical treatment of gastric and small intestinal motility disorders. In: Physiology, Diagnosis & Therapy in GI Motility Disorders, ed. M. C. Champion amd R. W. McCallum, 191-200, The MEDICINE Publishing Foundation, Oxford, 1987.

80. McCallum R. W. Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders. Ibid, 61-79, 1988.

81. Champion M. C. Treatment of gastric motility disorders. Ibid, 165-75, 1988.

82. Geldof H., Van der Schee E. J., Van Blankenstein M., Smout A. J., Akkermans L. M. Effects of highly selective vagotomy on gastric myoelectrical activity. An electrogastrographic study. Dig. Dis. Sci., 35(8): 969-75, 1990.

83. Vantrappen G., Coremans G., Janssens J., Mantides A., Vanden Borre F. Inversion of the slow wave gradient in symptomatic patients with Roux-en-Y anastomoses. Gastroenterology, 101(5):1282-8, 1991.

84. Pezzolla F., Riezzo G., Maselli M. A., Giorgio I. Gastric electrical dysrhythmia following cholecystectomy in humans. Digestion, 49(3):134-9, 1991.

85. Clevers G. J., Smout A. J., Van der Schee E. J., Akkermans L. M. Myo-electrical and motor activity of the stomach in the first days after abdominal surgery: evaluation by electrogastrography and impedance gastrography. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 6:253-9, 1991.

86. Coehlo J. C., Pupo C. A., Campos A. C., Moss Jr. A. A. Electromyographic activity of the gastrointestinal tract following cholecystectomy. World J. Surg., 14:523-7, 1990.

87. Hocking M. P., Harrison W. D., Sninsky C. A. Gastric dysrhythmias following pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Possible mechanism for early delayed gastric emptying. Dig. Dis. Sci., 35: 1226-30, 1990.

88. Schaap H. M., Smout A. J., Akkermans L. M. Myoelectrical activity of the Billroth II gastric remnant. Gut, 31:984-8, 1990.

89. Geldof H., Van der Schee E. J., Smout A. J. P. M., Van de Merwe J. P., Van Blankenstein M., Grashuis J. L. Myoelectrical activity of the stomach in gastric ulcer patients: An electrogastrographic study. J. Gastroint. Motil., 1:122-30, 1989.

90. Miller L. J., Malagelada J. R., Longstreth G. F., Go V. L. W. Dysfunctions of the stomach with gastric ulceration. Dig. Dis. Sci., 25:857-64, 1980.

91. Malagelada J. R. Gastric, pancreatic and biliary responses to a meal. In: Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract. ed. L. R. Johnson, Raven Press, N. Y., 1981.

92. Pfister C. J., Hamilton J. W., Nagel N., Bass P., Webster J. G., Tompkins W. J. Use of spectral analysis in the detection of frequency differences in the electrogastrograms of normal and diabetic subjects. IEEE Trans. on BME, 35:935-41, 1988.

93. Koch K. L., Stern R. M., Stewart W. R., Vasey M. W. Gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: effect of long-term Domperidone treatment. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 84:1069-1075, 1989.

94. Malagelada J. R., Camilleri M., Stanghellini V. Manometric diagnosis of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1986.

95. Ercolani M., Baldaro B., Trombini G. Effects of two tasks and two levels of difficulty upon surface electrogastrograms. Percept. Mot. Skills, 69:99-110, 1989.

96. Hu S., Stern R. M., Koch K. L. Electrical acustimulation relieves vection-induced motion sickness. Gastroenterol., 102:1854-8, 1992.

97. Hu S., Stern R. M., Vasey M. W., Koch K. L. Motion sickness and gastric myoelectric activity as a function of speed of rotation of a circular vection drum. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 60:411-4, 1989.

98. Robinson P. H. Gastric function in eating disorders. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 575:456-64, 1989.

99. Szmukler G. I., Young G. P., Lichtenstein M., Andrews J. T. A serial study of gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Aust. N. Z. J. Med., 20:220-5, 1990.

100. Hutson W. R., Wald A. Gastric emptying in patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 85:41-6, 1990.

101. Robinson P. H. Perceptivity and paraceptivity during measurement of gastric emptying in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Br. J. Psychiatry, 154:400-5, 1989.

102. Dubois A., Gross H. A., Ebert M. H., Castell D. O. Altered gastric emptying and secretion in primary anorexia nervosa. Gastroenterol., 77:319-23, 1979.

103. Cucchiara S., Riezzo G., Minella R., Pezzolla F., Giorgio I., Auricchio S. Electrogastrography in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arch Dis. Child. 67:613-7, 1992.

104. Cucchiara S. Minella R., Riezzo G., Vallone G., Vallone P., Castellone F. Reversal of gastric electrical dysrhythmias by cisapride in children with functional dyspepsia. Dig. Dis. Sci., 37:11136-40, 1992.

105. Wengrower D., Zaltzman S., Karmeli F., Goldin E. Idiopathic gastroparesis in patients with unexplained nausea and vomiting. Dig. Dis. Sci., 36:1255-8, 1991.

106. Kerlin P. Postprandial antral hypomotility in patients with idiopathic nausea and vomiting. Gut, 30:54-9, 1989.

107. Abell T. L., Chung H., Kim M. D., Malagelada M. D. Idiopathic cyclic nausea and vomiting - a disorder of gastrointestinal motility ? Mayo Clin. Proc., 63: 1169-75, 1988.

108. Barkakati N. The Waite Group's TurboC Bible. SAMS, 1990.

109. Mintchev M. P., Kingma Y. J., K. L. Bowes. Differential surface electrogastrogram - myth or reality ? Gastroenterology (Abstract), 103:1399, 1992.

110. Malagelada J. R. Pathophysiological response to meal in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 1. Paradoxical postprandial inhibition of gastric secretion. Gut, 19: 284-9, 1978.

111. Geldof H., Van der Schee E. J., Grashuis J. L. Electrogastrographic characteristics of interdigestive migrating complex in humans. Am. J. Physiol., 250:G165-71, 1986.

112. Mintchev M. P. and K. L. Bowes. Conoidal dipole model of electrical field produced by the human stomach. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 33:179-184, 1995.

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